While I have the chance, I would like to share with you all the basic structure and componennts of a typical broadcasted event.
According to Lou Schwartz of the ASA, in a typical CBS football broadcast there will be:
-1 play-by-play personality
-1 color commentator
-between 2 and 5 'in-studio' hosts / halftime reporters
-between 1 and 2 sideline reporters, depending upon the size of the venue and the magnitude of the coverage.
How much do these personalities make? (each number according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics):
-The average salary for play-by-play and color commentators is around $145k, but a majority of big names earn between $300,000 and $600,000.
-Among many other in-studio hosts, a personality such as Terry Bradshaw receives roughly $2.5 million, while ESPN host Chris Berman earns between $600,000 and $1 million a year.
-As for our lowly sideline reporter, well he/she actually makes around $70,000 per year on average.
Then again, through my research I have found that money is not being used to discriminate these women, rather it is the societal respect that they receive from viewers.
Hoping to make SOME kind of money after college,
Blog Master Nilsen
Wednesday, December 9, 2009
How Has the Work Load Changed?
Erin Andrews said in an interview with Street & Smith magazine's, Jessica Collins, that she studies more now than she ever did in college...
Okay well I am a college student currently myself and I have no desire to broaden the amount of studying that I do for things.
When asked about common misconceptions people have towards her, Andrews also responded by saying, "I think a lot of people think it’s really, really glamorous, and there are times when you are in the pouring rain or you’re running up and down the sidelines and you trip and fall, or you have to eat a hot dog just to get two seconds of nourishment in before you go grab a coach. You’re like "Ah, this is so glamorous."
Okay Erin, we get it, you life is NOT glamorous.
Former Boston Red Sox field reporter, Tina Cervasio said upon her leaving the network that, "There were many 10-12 hour days, and that was just at the ballpark. That doesn’t include waking up early, reading all the clips, calling people, setting up interviews, rewriting stuff. That all went on before I got to the ballpark."
Being a sideline reporter today clearly seems to be a burn-out type of job. Most of the blame for this I put on the amount of incredible technology that allows us to do so much at once. Unfortunately, these advances seem to be speeding ahead of us so that we almost cannot keep up. This leads my to my next question:
Was the job always this time-consuming? Perhaps it had even further requirements early on that made it more difficult for women to work as sideline reporters...
(2007 - janechastain.com)
Into the middle part of her career, Jane Chastain recalled to the ASA that she had to do her own research almost every day ("95%" of the time she said). She also mentioned that getting in person interviews was her most crucial quest as a sideline reporter. It seems obvious to me that player interviews were the heart of Chastain's work because of her inability to access something like the internet.
While it has not been discussed about how technology and the internet may have impacted the transformation of female sideline reporters (I have not found anything within my research), I can detect a distinct correlation between the emergence of young and attractive women as sideline reporters and the availability of news and information, as a result of the internet's existence.
getting in touch with my inner sports reporter,
Blog Master Nilsen
Okay well I am a college student currently myself and I have no desire to broaden the amount of studying that I do for things.
When asked about common misconceptions people have towards her, Andrews also responded by saying, "I think a lot of people think it’s really, really glamorous, and there are times when you are in the pouring rain or you’re running up and down the sidelines and you trip and fall, or you have to eat a hot dog just to get two seconds of nourishment in before you go grab a coach. You’re like "Ah, this is so glamorous."
Okay Erin, we get it, you life is NOT glamorous.
Former Boston Red Sox field reporter, Tina Cervasio said upon her leaving the network that, "There were many 10-12 hour days, and that was just at the ballpark. That doesn’t include waking up early, reading all the clips, calling people, setting up interviews, rewriting stuff. That all went on before I got to the ballpark."
Being a sideline reporter today clearly seems to be a burn-out type of job. Most of the blame for this I put on the amount of incredible technology that allows us to do so much at once. Unfortunately, these advances seem to be speeding ahead of us so that we almost cannot keep up. This leads my to my next question:
Was the job always this time-consuming? Perhaps it had even further requirements early on that made it more difficult for women to work as sideline reporters...
(2007 - janechastain.com)
Into the middle part of her career, Jane Chastain recalled to the ASA that she had to do her own research almost every day ("95%" of the time she said). She also mentioned that getting in person interviews was her most crucial quest as a sideline reporter. It seems obvious to me that player interviews were the heart of Chastain's work because of her inability to access something like the internet.
While it has not been discussed about how technology and the internet may have impacted the transformation of female sideline reporters (I have not found anything within my research), I can detect a distinct correlation between the emergence of young and attractive women as sideline reporters and the availability of news and information, as a result of the internet's existence.
getting in touch with my inner sports reporter,
Blog Master Nilsen
The Late Emergence of Eve
Now I would like to try and connect the idea that sportscaster are "barbies on air" (as Lou Schwartz joked) to themes or trends of the late 1990's and early 2000's that followed the idea that "sex sells".
Popular '90's trends:
- E! Television sees an audience surge in late 1990's glamorizing celebrities like Madonna and turns Marilyn Monroe in iconic figure throughout photos and quotes.
(Photo from Eonline.com)
- By 1997, the thong has gained nationwide acceptance and popularity among women.
- and finally, the fact that the number of teens and adults who have received breast augmentation since 1997 has tripled according to the National Research Center for Women and Families.
Now I am sure you are all saying that these trends have no direct correlation to the necessity of female sideline reporters today, however I feel that they do. Each of these trends shows that Americans have (through the media) gained a much greater acceptance of women expressing their sexuality.
Fore example, when Marilyn Monroe was still alive, her work was enjoyed by many, but it also faced serious criticism for her use of beauty as a "marketable commodity", as June Sochen said. When E! became popular, she was made into an instant icon of beauty and sexuality, thus making it okay for other American women to aspire to be like her.
I now believe that the emergence of accepted female sexuality in the 1990's and the early part of this decade has enabled sports productions to use the female sideline reporter as the staple for balance between competative intensity and sexuality (both of which draw a great deal of interest from viewers). Here lies the Eve of the sports broadcast system today.
Much more later on,
Blog Master Nilsen
Popular '90's trends:
- E! Television sees an audience surge in late 1990's glamorizing celebrities like Madonna and turns Marilyn Monroe in iconic figure throughout photos and quotes.(Photo from Eonline.com)
- By 1997, the thong has gained nationwide acceptance and popularity among women.
- and finally, the fact that the number of teens and adults who have received breast augmentation since 1997 has tripled according to the National Research Center for Women and Families.
Now I am sure you are all saying that these trends have no direct correlation to the necessity of female sideline reporters today, however I feel that they do. Each of these trends shows that Americans have (through the media) gained a much greater acceptance of women expressing their sexuality.
Fore example, when Marilyn Monroe was still alive, her work was enjoyed by many, but it also faced serious criticism for her use of beauty as a "marketable commodity", as June Sochen said. When E! became popular, she was made into an instant icon of beauty and sexuality, thus making it okay for other American women to aspire to be like her.
I now believe that the emergence of accepted female sexuality in the 1990's and the early part of this decade has enabled sports productions to use the female sideline reporter as the staple for balance between competative intensity and sexuality (both of which draw a great deal of interest from viewers). Here lies the Eve of the sports broadcast system today.
Much more later on,
Blog Master Nilsen
Taking a Deeper Look at the First Female Sportscasters
According to ASA president Lou Schwartz, Jane Chastain, Donna De Varona, and Jeannie Morris are pioneers of womens' sports broadcasts. Chastain, who started her sportscasting career in the mid-60's, was the first female to be hired by a large network (CBS), and she was thought to be the first woman to do play-by-play. On multiple occasions, Chastain compained of co-workers being hesitant about working with a woman in the broadcast.
In 1976, Lesley Visser said this, "When women(sportscasters) are given greater responsibilities and prove that they can manage them, they build a good reputation as sportscasters." according the ASA internet database.
It is evident that the early implementations of women sportscasters were fairly widely disliked by male sportscasting partners.
With that said, it was not always the case; in 1980 the former voice of the Chicago Cubs baseball team and a now ASA Hall of Famer, Jack Brickhouse said this of the woman's contribution to a program, "Women have another dimension that men cannot give. They can give a female's insight into women athletes in swimming, golf, basketball, tennis, etc. How does a man know what problems a woman would have in a particular sport?"
A truly touching account, right?
Well not so much, considering that many women enjoy being members of crews that cover sports with men in them; major sports broadcasts, like the NFL, NBA, MLB, and men's college sports as well.
It was not until 1989 when CNN hired Hanna Storm, that a woman has been granted the title of 'Sports Anchor' on a program.
While I am going through my research on the early times of female sportscasters, I continuously find myself reading some bubbly writing that seemingly avoids many peoples disrespect for the female sportscaster. I have read plenty of nice, promising quotes - like the one I cited earlier from Jack Brickhouse - but they say things that promote their involvement in a minor sense; a sense that it much more minimal than that of a male's job.
Quick Bathroom break time,
Blog Master Nilsen
In 1976, Lesley Visser said this, "When women(sportscasters) are given greater responsibilities and prove that they can manage them, they build a good reputation as sportscasters." according the ASA internet database.
It is evident that the early implementations of women sportscasters were fairly widely disliked by male sportscasting partners.
With that said, it was not always the case; in 1980 the former voice of the Chicago Cubs baseball team and a now ASA Hall of Famer, Jack Brickhouse said this of the woman's contribution to a program, "Women have another dimension that men cannot give. They can give a female's insight into women athletes in swimming, golf, basketball, tennis, etc. How does a man know what problems a woman would have in a particular sport?"
A truly touching account, right?
Well not so much, considering that many women enjoy being members of crews that cover sports with men in them; major sports broadcasts, like the NFL, NBA, MLB, and men's college sports as well.
It was not until 1989 when CNN hired Hanna Storm, that a woman has been granted the title of 'Sports Anchor' on a program.
While I am going through my research on the early times of female sportscasters, I continuously find myself reading some bubbly writing that seemingly avoids many peoples disrespect for the female sportscaster. I have read plenty of nice, promising quotes - like the one I cited earlier from Jack Brickhouse - but they say things that promote their involvement in a minor sense; a sense that it much more minimal than that of a male's job.
Quick Bathroom break time,
Blog Master Nilsen
COM 215 Media Theories (cont.)
I have been doing some serious thinking about the theory from class, I think most clearly connects to my research question. While I would like to involve a little bit of presentism in my analysis, I have found it slightly challenging to consistently do so. NOW I would like to introduce the theory of archetypes to you all. After doing much research for my previous post on physical appearance, it dawned on me that these women are falling directly into different character archetypes that create a distinct change in overall style.
Of course my research question is actually asking how these women became fixtures in sports broadcasts...
I am beginning to see that it has been the change in terms of physical appearance that has created such a high demand for sexier, but still credible, female sideline reporters.
The three female archetypes are as follows:
Lilith - is the more imdependent woman
Mary - is the innocent, kindred spirit
Eve - is the sexual temptress
From the images I showed in my last post, Visser seems to portray the Lilith archetype, shwoing through her dress that she is hard-working, independent, and is well put together and organized. Andrews seems to have a stronger Eve sense within her dress. While she indeed looks innocent because of the sweater she is wearing, her leopard print and tan skin give her a more sassy look.
Could it be that the female sideline reporter's transformation from a Lilith to an Eve provoked a common necessity among sports networks that women sportscasters are important program features?
The Plot Thickens,
Blog Master Nilsen
Of course my research question is actually asking how these women became fixtures in sports broadcasts...
I am beginning to see that it has been the change in terms of physical appearance that has created such a high demand for sexier, but still credible, female sideline reporters.
The three female archetypes are as follows:
Lilith - is the more imdependent woman
Mary - is the innocent, kindred spirit
Eve - is the sexual temptress
From the images I showed in my last post, Visser seems to portray the Lilith archetype, shwoing through her dress that she is hard-working, independent, and is well put together and organized. Andrews seems to have a stronger Eve sense within her dress. While she indeed looks innocent because of the sweater she is wearing, her leopard print and tan skin give her a more sassy look.
Could it be that the female sideline reporter's transformation from a Lilith to an Eve provoked a common necessity among sports networks that women sportscasters are important program features?
The Plot Thickens,
Blog Master Nilsen
Physical Appearance (attire/make-up)
Being that she is the first and only woman enshrined into the Pro Football Hall of Fame, and that she is the only woman ever to be assigned the sideline job at a Super Bowl (this according to the American Sportscaster Asscociation), I feel that Lesley Visser is a prefect basis for comparison to today's sportscasters. While Visser still does some work today, her pioneer status among sportscasters springs from her early days as the "first really big female on the sidelines", said Paul Farhi of the Washington Post.
Here is a picture of Visser at the Super Bowl Pregame coverage in 2003 (note: according to Eric Deggans - St. Petersburg Times, the trend of young, attractive reporters hit "full force" in 2005):
lesleyvisser.com
In this image, it is important to notice how Visser is wearing a women's sport coat, and is showing off very little of her neck line. Well hello...the Super Bowl is not played in cool weather, it is played in cities like Miami, FL so she has no need for long sleeves altogether. With that said, she is showing off her "professionalism and class", something that Jamie Skerski - author of the book, From Sideline to Centerfold: The Sexual Commodification of Female Sportscasters - claims Visser and other female sideline talents strived for in their dress during the 1990's and clearly into the early part of this decade. In the image, Visser's hair is fairly short - for a woman's standards - and is held up with hair spray, a trend that, according to paulmitchell.com was considered the the #1 most popular hair style among women in their 40's. Now, I am not trying to make rude generalizations about woman, or even unsult those who are near the age of my parents, but in 2003 Lesley Visser was 50 years old, and was clearly continuing a fashion trend that saw it's 'hay-day' in the '90's.
While I should obviously not discriminate age within my research, it is now possible that I can conclude that early female sportcasters focused moreso on a classy look rather than a more 'sexy' choice.
Up next I have an image of the lovely miss Erin Andrews, one of "the most sought after female sportscasters in America" according to Jessica Collins of Street & Smith magazine's, Sports Business Daily. Collins also claims that Andrews "is obviously the most popular female sportscaster among male viewers".
Notice in this picture of Andrews from ESPN.com, that she is wearing a lot of jewlery (bracelet, earings, and a necklace). Also notice that she has her hair down; it is long and wavey, giving off a Farah Fawcett on Charlies Angels type of vibe. She is also wearing a leopard print, relatively low-cut undershirt. Leopard print is clearly a sensual and seductive style of shirt to wear and surely gives off a much more 'sexy' look rather than a more conservative, Lesley Visser resemblence.
Another aspect of these photos that I chose to examine was each woman's choice of make-up use:
Clearly, Visser is wearing heavy amounts of light cover-up to make her appear blemishless within the view of the camera. However, Andrews chose to - in this particular instance - use a light amount of darker (tanner) cover-up with blush in order to make her cheeks seem more rosie, and thus make her look younger or more youthful.
From these photographs, I can begin to see a concrete difference in terms of clothing and make-up stlyes.
If I had to guess, I would say that a majority of American's in the teens, and early 20's (people in my cohort) can watch Lesley Visser and see her as less satisfactory due to her overall physical appearance, as compared to that of the sportscasters we see much more of these days (i.e. Erin Andrews etc.).
Keep reading, the ideas are a flowin',
Blog Master Nilsen
Here is a picture of Visser at the Super Bowl Pregame coverage in 2003 (note: according to Eric Deggans - St. Petersburg Times, the trend of young, attractive reporters hit "full force" in 2005):
lesleyvisser.com
In this image, it is important to notice how Visser is wearing a women's sport coat, and is showing off very little of her neck line. Well hello...the Super Bowl is not played in cool weather, it is played in cities like Miami, FL so she has no need for long sleeves altogether. With that said, she is showing off her "professionalism and class", something that Jamie Skerski - author of the book, From Sideline to Centerfold: The Sexual Commodification of Female Sportscasters - claims Visser and other female sideline talents strived for in their dress during the 1990's and clearly into the early part of this decade. In the image, Visser's hair is fairly short - for a woman's standards - and is held up with hair spray, a trend that, according to paulmitchell.com was considered the the #1 most popular hair style among women in their 40's. Now, I am not trying to make rude generalizations about woman, or even unsult those who are near the age of my parents, but in 2003 Lesley Visser was 50 years old, and was clearly continuing a fashion trend that saw it's 'hay-day' in the '90's.
While I should obviously not discriminate age within my research, it is now possible that I can conclude that early female sportcasters focused moreso on a classy look rather than a more 'sexy' choice.
Up next I have an image of the lovely miss Erin Andrews, one of "the most sought after female sportscasters in America" according to Jessica Collins of Street & Smith magazine's, Sports Business Daily. Collins also claims that Andrews "is obviously the most popular female sportscaster among male viewers".
Notice in this picture of Andrews from ESPN.com, that she is wearing a lot of jewlery (bracelet, earings, and a necklace). Also notice that she has her hair down; it is long and wavey, giving off a Farah Fawcett on Charlies Angels type of vibe. She is also wearing a leopard print, relatively low-cut undershirt. Leopard print is clearly a sensual and seductive style of shirt to wear and surely gives off a much more 'sexy' look rather than a more conservative, Lesley Visser resemblence.Another aspect of these photos that I chose to examine was each woman's choice of make-up use:
Clearly, Visser is wearing heavy amounts of light cover-up to make her appear blemishless within the view of the camera. However, Andrews chose to - in this particular instance - use a light amount of darker (tanner) cover-up with blush in order to make her cheeks seem more rosie, and thus make her look younger or more youthful.
From these photographs, I can begin to see a concrete difference in terms of clothing and make-up stlyes.
If I had to guess, I would say that a majority of American's in the teens, and early 20's (people in my cohort) can watch Lesley Visser and see her as less satisfactory due to her overall physical appearance, as compared to that of the sportscasters we see much more of these days (i.e. Erin Andrews etc.).
Keep reading, the ideas are a flowin',
Blog Master Nilsen
Monday, December 7, 2009
Connecting to the Theories of COM 215
As I had mentioned in my previous blog post, I have slightly altered the direction of my research question; a necessary action in order to angle my work in a more historical fashion. With that said, I wanted to tell you all about my constant thoughts on what theory, from Dr. Ryan's COM 215 class, most tightly knits with with the mesh of my question.
What did I come up with? :
The theory of presentism."
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, presentism "is a a mode of historical analysis in which present-day ideas and perspectives are anachronistically (pertaining to or containing an anachronism) introduced into depictions or interpretations of the past. Some modern historians seek to avoid presentism in their work because they believe it creates a distorted understanding of their subject matter."
After learning more about this theory I established that I would like to look more closely at the vision of the first female sideline reporters...
Presentism is involved in the vision of the female sideline reporters because it can show how people today may have a hard time understanding how the first female sideline reporters may have been different in style, or in terms of how the media audience saw them.
I have uploaded two photos for comparison (Lesley Visser in green; Michele Tafoya in blue).
I will dive more analytically into these images in my next post, but a key thing to note is how Visser looks much more laid back and somewhat pale, Tafoya looks sheik and sexy. Her skin is much darker and tan looking, and her oufit is much more unique and ditinct.
cbssportsline.com
I won't be gone as long next time,
Blog Master Nilsen
What did I come up with? :
The theory of presentism."
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, presentism "is a a mode of historical analysis in which present-day ideas and perspectives are anachronistically (pertaining to or containing an anachronism) introduced into depictions or interpretations of the past. Some modern historians seek to avoid presentism in their work because they believe it creates a distorted understanding of their subject matter."
After learning more about this theory I established that I would like to look more closely at the vision of the first female sideline reporters...
Presentism is involved in the vision of the female sideline reporters because it can show how people today may have a hard time understanding how the first female sideline reporters may have been different in style, or in terms of how the media audience saw them.
I have uploaded two photos for comparison (Lesley Visser in green; Michele Tafoya in blue).
I will dive more analytically into these images in my next post, but a key thing to note is how Visser looks much more laid back and somewhat pale, Tafoya looks sheik and sexy. Her skin is much darker and tan looking, and her oufit is much more unique and ditinct.
cbssportsline.com
I won't be gone as long next time,
Blog Master Nilsen
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